Subseries contains records related to the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway Company, which operated rail lines on Vancouver Island. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company extended the line to additional cities after acquiring the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway in 1905. Records in this subseries pertain to the railway's business and operations, and include records highlighting employee duties and activities.

These records include papers related to the construction and incorporation of the railway, financial statements, reports, correspondence, blueprints, train timetables, tickets and train passes, advertisements, newspaper clippings, employee handbooks, staff circulars, employee diaries and logs, shipping receipts, and photographs.

Subseries consists of records related to the Canadian Pacific Railway, including records pertaining to the construction of the railway which was completed at Craigellachie, B.C. in 1885, four years behind schedule. Other records in this subseries pertain to trains, railway operations and station business, railway tourism, and settlement activities led by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company in Western Canada. Records in this subseries relate both to those travelling on the C.P.R. as well as those who worked on it, and include notable items such as and a blueprint book of Canadian Pacific Railway Standard Plans, 1908, and engineer-in-chief Sandford Fleming's "Report on Surveys and Preliminary Operations on the Canadian Pacific Railway up to January 1877."

These records include monographs about railway history, pamphlets, contracts, forms, memoranda, reports, receipts and invoices, ledgers and cash books, budget summaries, maps, technical drawings, blueprints, employee handbooks, technical manuals, newsletters, train timetables and fares, land titles, stock certificates, photographs and photograph albums, posters and broadsides, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, postcards, diaries, menus, tickets, correspondence, ephemera, and artefacts, including a slice of the Last Spike railroad track.