This file contains maquette for Coupland's sculpture installation at the Robert McLaughlin Gallery in Toronto, ON. The piece is Coupland's representation of Peter Croydon's 1957 group portrait of the Painter's Eleven.

This file contains a maquette version of the Digital Orca sculpture created by Coupland. Of particular interest is the variance in the base, as it was altered in the final creation because of engineering logistics and the difference in colour of the maquette.

This item is a model of Canoe Landing Park in Toronto, ON that was designed by Coupland.

This item is a 2.5 m long fabric banner containing a printed image of Terry Fox's sock. The image is among those displayed around the Terry Fox Miracle Mile running track at Canoe Landing Park in Toronto, ON.

The fonds reflects the process of creating the documentary film Bevel Up: Drugs, Users and Outreach Nursing (entitled “Taking Health to the Streets” during production). Bevel Up is a co-production between the Street Nurse Program of the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) and the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), with financial support from Health Canada and the BC Nurses’ Union (BCNU), and was created in collaboration with Canada Wild Productions Ltd. (Nettie Wild and Betsy Carson).

Filmed over six months in 2006, and over two years in production, Bevel Up was created in collaboration with the street nurses and a crew which included director Nettie Wild, cinematographer Kirk Tougas, producer Betsy Carson, and editor Mike Brockington.

Bevel Up is a 45-minute film, shot in the style of cinema verite (showing people in everyday situations), at the heart of a four-and-a-half-hour interactive DVD that features separate menus on a range of professional, ethical, and legal issues related to the delivery of health care to drug users. There is also an accompanying teaching guide.

The documentary was the brainchild of Caroline Brunt, a street nurse with the B.C. Centre for Disease Control and is designed to help student nurses and seasoned professionals working with drug using populations. Bevel Up: Drugs, Users and Outreach Nursing follows a team of street nurses as they reach out to youth, sex workers and street entrenched men and women in the alleys and hotels of Vancouver’s Downtown East Side. Most importantly, the nurses reflect on attitudes that can make or break the relationship needed to successfully provide practical and nonjudgmental health care.

Materials include master tapes of raw footage, edited video and audio tapes, final copies of the interactive DVD and teaching manual, CDs containing the French translation of the teaching manual, a promotion trailer, a publicity clip reel, printed annotated transcripts, press kits, publicity posters, magazine reviews, a distribution chart and a publicity report.

This file contains a bejeweled hornet's nest sculpture. The piece likely relates to Coupland's other nest sculptures made out of the paper of his own books and royalties cash.

The Jim Hamm Doukhobor Research Collection consists of two VHS copies of the documentary film, The Spirit Wrestlers, and other materials relating to the production of the film such as Betacam SP videos (camera masters), VHS videos screening copies, 35mm slides, digital photos on CD, audio cassettes and transcripts of the interviews in hard copy and on CD. In addition, footage logs, printed material, photographs and photocopies of photographs relating to the film have been created or collected, 1999-2002.

The Jim Hamm Documentary Film Collection consists of materials relating to three of his documentary films: "The Air We Breathe" (1996), "Between the Rock and a Hard Place" (1997) and "Turning Down the Heat" (1999). "The Air We Breathe" was a co-production of Jim Hamm and the National Film Board. It is an examination of the problem of smog in relation to political decisions, dependency on automobiles, and social-cultural forces. Hamm acted as co-producer, script writer and director. The film was broadcast on the CBC, WTN, SCN, Knowledge Network and Access Alberta. "Between the Rock and a Hard Place" was produced in association with CBC Newsworld. It is the story of Newfoundlanders who leave their home province after the collapse of the cod fishery, ironically finding work in the exploit of another natural resource in Fort Nelson, British Columbia. The film was aired on CBC Newsworld and on CBC Newfoundland. "Turning Down the Heat" was co-produced with the National Film Board in association with CBCs program "The Nature of Things," narrated by David Suzuki. The film showcases viable solutions to climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hamm acted as director, co-producer and co-script writer. The film was aired on "The Nature of Things," and has other screenings nationally and internationally. Storage issues dictate that the textual materials relating to these films and the audio visual materials be separated, so the fonds therefore contains the series: "The Air We Breathe" Textual Materials series, "Turning Down the Heat" Textual Materials series, "Between the Rock and a Hard Place" Textual Materials series, "Turning Down the Heat" Audio/visual Materials series, "The Air We Breathe" Audio/visual Materials series, and "Between the Rock and a Hard Place" Audio/visual Materials series. The largest division of the collection is the audio/visual materials.

The Exhibit Archive consists of the evidence submitted by 51 Plaintiffs regarding the land claim area, and materials submitted by the Defense relating to the underlying title of the Crown to these lands. Textual records include correspondence, by-laws, land titles and drafts, research documents, affidavits, cross-examination transcripts, legal documents and reports, published material, genealogy charts, collections of sacred oral traditions, copies of records from the Hudson’s Bay Company and early settlers, written accounts of oral histories, trap-line data, expert testimonies of anthropologists, historians, linguists, biologists, and archaeologists, including all the background materials used by lawyers in the case. Other non-textual materials include maps and overlays, photographs, sound recordings of oral histories and songs, and audio-visual materials.

The collection consists of leaflets, pamphlets, brochures, tourist guides, and various information packages about various areas in general, together with material about the origin of their place names and early history.

The collection consists of audio cassettes and vinyl records (33 1/3) created by Radio Canada International in the course of promoting Canada and Canadian culture to the people of Japan. The collection has been arranged into four series, which reflect the various formats the broadcasts were made up of, and include Japanese Topical Cassettes, Japanese Economic Topical Cassettes, Japanese Canadian Magazine, and Japanese Topical Discs.

The collection consists of subject files including photocopied and manuscript notes and sources, correspondence, research data, computer printout and input material, reports, financial records, and photographs relalting to the Royal Commission on B.C. Railway (1977).

The fonds consists of records relating to the ABPBC’s activities. Records cover the period of time from the ABPBC’s inception to 2015 and pertain primarily to the book publishing industry in the province of British Columbia. The ABPBC’s activities included applying for funding from a range of provincial and federal organizations and governments, holding meetings, advocating for their members to the provincial government, promoting their members, undertaking special projects, and researching areas pertinent to the provincial book publishing industry. Specific administrative activities the organization undertook included maintaining its multi-level membership base, managing finances and funding applications, electing executive teams, and overseeing various projects.

The fonds spans five accruals, organized into four distinct sets of series. These sets of series are represented in the PDF finding aid attached.

The fonds consists of records related to the Service, Office, and Retail Workers Union of Canada’s (SORWUC’s) local chapters 2 and 4 administrative activities, organizing endeavours and legal proceedings. Although the records are primarily related to the United Bank Works (UBW), local 2, and Bank and Finance Workers Union, local 4, many records are related to SORWUC’s national activities as a trade union. These activities include organization and certification of new bargaining units, filing unfair labour practices on behalf of union members, pamphleting and raising funds for the union as a whole, organizing strikes, and fighting court battles for the right to organize in new sectors, such as the banks. Additionally, SORWUC kept various reference materials on topics related to feminism and the rights of laborers. The fonds reflect these different organizational activities in three series: Legal, Organizing, and Administration.

The Legal series consists of records related to the union’s legal activities. These records include Unfair Labour Practice (ULP) charges filed against banks and heard by the Canadian Labour Relations Board (CLRB), applications for certification in the CLRB, notes, correspondence, news clippings, and legal briefs.

The Organizing series consists of material relating to the organizing activities of SORWUC, including correspondence, research, membership forms, sign-up sheets and information relating to bank branches seeking certification. Also included are contract proposals, organizing committee papers by branch, and minutes of negotiation meetings, press clippings and press releases.

The Administration series relates to the various administrative activities of SORWUC locals 2 and 4; including financial activities, research for court cases, as well as related issues to the union such as unemployment and racism; public relations documents including press releases; and minutes of meetings.

Fonds consists primarily of records created by Coupland from approximately 1980 to 2012. The fonds includes: drafts of Coupland’s major literary works, personal and artistic photographs, visual art material (such as collages, paintings, printouts of digital collages and sculpture maquettes), items of clothing and leather goods, technical notes and designs for Coupland’s website, conceptual sketches and designs, correspondence, and other records.

The fonds consists primarily of manuscripts and proposals (published and unpublished) submitted to the Harbour, as well as correspondence, financial records, subject files, and sales, marketing, and promotional files for the company as well as specific authors and publications.

This fonds contains records of the Service, Office and Retail Workers Union of Canada (SORWUC) from their active life between 1972 and 1986. The records pertain to the functioning of the National Headquarters, Local sections and the union as a whole within its communities. The content of the records is primarily focused in Vancouver and the Lower Mainland, but the union's influence reaches a national level including activity in the prairies, Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes. While the central concern of SORWUC was directly related to unionization, the records also concern feminist activity and the pursuance of equal rights for women in society. The material is in the form of correspondence, financial records and statements, various publications, and photographs.

Fonds consists of records of the Vancouver Chapter of the Association of Records Managers (ARMA). Records in the fonds have come in multiple accruals. The first six accruals are described and inventoried in the attached pdf. The 2014 accrual is described and inventoried within this database record. Fonds materials include a history of the Vancouver Chapter, incorporation file, annual reports, financial records, minutes, correspondence, photographs from events, printed and published material, awards and award documents, and clippings relating to the activities of the Association.

The collection contains three binders of 198 cards from a variety of First Nations Northwest Coast artists, predominantly Robert Davidson, but also including Bill Reid, Roy Henry Vickers, Arthur Thompson, Joe David, David Seymour, Ron Hamilton, Stan Greene, Freda Diesing, Ken Mowatt, Richard Hunt, and others. The cards were collected by the MacDonalds starting in the 1960s. Many of the cards were intended by the artists for use in local potlatches, weddings, housewarmings, graduations, births, funerals, and other major life events and include inscriptions and/or notes from the artists to the MacDonalds.

The fonds consists of records relating to Crassweller's involvement in the development of Inuit arts and crafts programmes. It has four components: the Project index, manuscript for Crassweller's Handbook of Eskimo Artifacts, working papers filed by subject and printed material.

The collection consists of typescript interviews relating to British Columbia labour history and labour education conducted by Colleen Toppings and Paul Phillips in 1964. Also includes typescripts of Paul Phillips' "No Power Greater - A Century of Labour in B.C." (1967) and press clippings discussing the interview project.

The fonds contains records of the ACSOH, Habitat I and Vision Habitat, as well as Oberlander’s records related to Habitat II, World Urban Forums 2 and 3, and other UN Habitat associated activities and research. Contents mainly consist of correspondence, reports, publications, governance and planning documentation and research.

The fonds consists of records relating to the railroad transportation industry and the role of the Canadian Shopcraft Union and railway workers. The correspondence, legal records, union data, reports, newsletters, and other printed material focuses upon the labour movement and the divergent paths between Canadian and American organized labour in the 1980's.

The fonds consists of minutes, correspondence, and printed material relating to the activities of the British Columbia Home Economics Association and its predecessor, the Vancouver and District Home Economics Association (1958-1972).

The collection consists of photocopied correspondence, class lists and course outlines from the Northern Workers' Education Association and the University of Sudbury Extension Department, and photographs and interviews with Western Canadian leaders of the IUMMSW. The material was used in the preparation of his 1985 history of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers (Canada). Fonds includes sound cassettes of interviews regarding union history.

The fonds consists of records chronicling the development of the Leon and Thea Koerner Foundation from 1955 to 2015. It includes grant applications, reports and related correspondence pertaining to the Foundation's activities. Box 96 contains personal items related to Koerner that decorated the foundation offices.

The collection consists of records of the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers Local 708 (Prince Rupert) including correspondence, circular letters, press clippings and publications. Records of the Pulp, Paper and Woodworkers of Canada include convention material, national executive board minutes, constitutional material and correspondence. In addition, MacPhee collected a series of constitutions of labour organizations and collective agreements, primarily from the forest products industry. The collection also includes correspondence, minutes and constitutions of the Western Canada Council of Pulp and Paper Mill Unions and of the Prince Rupert Labour Council.

The collection consists of photocopied briefs from groups or individuals desiring to appear before the Provincial Cabinet (1952-1967). They are arranged chronologically by "delegates heard" and "delegates not heard".

This series consists predominantly of the meeting minutes, agenda, notes, and supporting documents circulated for review or discussion of the NDP's Table Officers, Provincial Executive, and Provincial Council.

Outside of the Provincial NDP Convention, these three bodies comprise the most important governing bodies of the Party. The Table Officers include the Party President, two Vice presidents, the Party Leader, the Provincial Secretary, and the Treasurer. Table Officers would meet regularly, sometimes more than once a week via teleconference, to manage the strategic direction and positioning of the Party, discussing relevant breaking news, campaign strategy, public messaging, budgetary considerations, and party operations. Each member was charged with specific executive tasks, and would prepare reports on their activities for the Provincial Executive and Provincial Council.

The Provincial Executive consists of all the Table officers, and additional positions. In the early days of the CCF/NDP, this included the outgoing President and 6 other members elected by the Provincial Council; by 1992 the Provincial Executive consisted of "the Leader, President, six Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Secretary, Past President, four Executive Members at Large, two Federal Council representatives elected at Federal Convention, two representatives of each regional area in B.C., two YND representatives and the YND representative to Federal Council. The Provincial Secretary is not an elected position of the Party." ("Notes for Delegate Orientation Sessions" in the 1992 convention kit; file 430-09). The Provincial Executive carries out the "administrative function and conducts the affairs of the Party between Council meetings," and would hear reports from Table Officers, review budget documents prepared by the Treasurer, and plan the party's upcoming events and activities. The Executive met less frequently than the Table Officers

The Provincial Council acts as the Party's broadest governing body between conventions, able to deliberate and vote on motions sent from Convention for review and further discussion, and/or emergency motions that cannot wait until the next Convention. Council was comprised of all Executive members, as well as an elected delegate from each constituency association, and representatives from the YND and "affiliated organizations" (file 430-09). Council would meet less frequently, usually 4 times a year, to make policy decisions, set Party budgets, allocate revenue sharing strategies, share constituency reports, and assess the Party's direction, among other activities.

These files contain minutes, agenda, policy documents, media clippings, financial statements, strategy documents, memoranda, correspondence, copies of court documents, public communications, resolutions, handwritten notes and drafts, and other related materials.

The collection consists of several of Roderick Haig-Brown's manuscripts as well as editors' working papers and printers' proofs of a number of his articles and other publications. In addition, there are reviews of his writings and magazine articles about him as well as incoming and outgoing correspondence. The collection also includes correspondence, manuscripts, financial records, and subject and clippings files related to Valerie Haig-Brown's work as literary executor of the estate of her father and as author of Deep Currents, a biography of her parents.

The collection consists of files created as a result of the Canadian Industrial Innovative Data Base survey, which was conducted from 1975-1980. The collection includes confidential and non-confidential files of Canadian firms, including questionnaires, correspondence, and product brochures, relating to their new products and processes (1945-1980).

The Lumber Inspectors' Union fonds' consists of records necessary for the union to carry out its everyday operations, such as office files, minutes, financial records, correspondence etc. It also includes papers directly relating to the position of the financial secretary. Record types include correspondence, minutes of meetings, agreements, booklets, policies, reports, constitutions, information on other unions , booklets, financial and operating statements, ledgers, particulars on union members, manuals, arbitration cases, and reference material. The bulk of the records fall in the active period of the Union, which was between 1945 and 1980 ; a few records dealing with winding up the Union were also created in 1981 . The fonds has nine series: Operational files ; Minute books ; Financial records ; Financial ledgers ; Application, dues payment, and transfer records ; Arbitration cases reference files ; Register of attendance at meetings ; General information binder; and General reference material . The fonds also contains the Financial Secretary's sous-fonds, which has five series.

The fonds consists of records related to Vancouver Status of Women’s (VSW’s) administrative activities, projects and lobbying endeavours, production, marketing, and distribution of Kinesis, their activities related to their advocacy function, and research and reference resources. Although the nature of VSW’s activities has changed over time, the organization has consistently maintained a commitment to addressing social issues related to women, including gender discrimination, pay equity, familial violence, racism, and many more topics. VSW has addressed these issues through a variety of avenues, including publications, press releases, lobbying of governments, a television program, workshops, and services for individuals in Vancouver. The fonds reflects these diverse organizational interests and activities in six series: 1. Administrative and executive; 2. Projects and lobbying activities; 3. Research and reference resources; 4. Advocacy; 5. Kinesis; and 6. Kinesis photobank and production room materials. Additionally, the fonds contains alphabetized subject files dating predominantly 1971-1978. The initial accession and first accrual are grouped into sets and described in the attached PDF finding aid.

The Administrative and executive series contains records pertaining to operational and executive activities including finance, committee and volunteer administration, employee management, correspondence, and strategic planning for the organization. Record types include grant applications, correspondence, invoices and receipts, meeting minutes, training materials, and correspondence.

The Projects and lobbying activities series features the records of VSW’s numerous and diverse projects and lobbying activities. Record types include VSW briefs, press releases, submissions to government, research reports, publications, correspondence, indexes for back issues of Kinesis, and volunteer applications.

The Research and reference resources series comprises materials from third parties that VSW collected to support its research projects and the needs of its visitors. The series also contains VSW briefs, press releases, and reports inter-filed with research materials. Record types include briefs and reports from other organizations, newspaper and magazine clippings, VSW correspondence, grey literature, copies of academic journals, and cassette tapes in honour of International Women’s Day.

The Advocacy series features records related to VSW lobbying and advocacy activities. These activities primarily included organizing and participating in committees and task forces set up by all levels of government, lobbying, and preparing briefs on legislative documents and materials. Record types include: correspondence with the Ministry of Justice and different coalitions such as BC Coalition of Women Centres and the 52% Coalition; meeting agendas and minutes; information sheets and brochures; event invitations; and other materials arising from VSW’s lobbying and advocacy work.

The Kinesis series includes records related to production, publication, marketing, and distribution of Kinesis, Vancouver Status of Women’ most significant publication in BC. Record types include design sketches and proofs, advertising, readers’ correspondences and surveys, volunteer training manuals, staff self-evaluations, and monthly activity reports.

The Kinesis photobank and production room materials series contains materials from the production room of Kinesis. These materials predominantly reflect the production cycle of the magazine and its records organization system for photographic and graphic materials that were used in or collected for future use in the magazine. Records include photographs, negatives, contact sheets, ephemera, and administrative records.

The fonds consists of moving images, sound recordings and photographs created during Alan Twigg's production of the film Spilsbury's Coast and accompanying textual materials, as well as moving images and textual materials created during his production of the BC Book World television series. The fonds also consists of textual, photographic, sound recordings, and moving images related to Twigg's interest in and association with writer George Woodcock, particulaly in the early 1990s. Additionally, the fonds includes files of textual and photographic materials related to authors of British Columbia, created as part of Twigg's role as publisher of BC Bookworld.

The fonds consists of Shadbolt's private journals, notebooks, lecture notes, sketch books from his work with the Art Students' League of New York, 1948-1949 as well as 6 sketchbooks from the 1960s, a collection of his loose drawings and studies, an extensive collection of photographs of Shadbolt's paintings, including colour transparencies, slides of a photographic work entitled "Year", family photographs, personal and professional incoming correspondence, his picture reference file of postcards and magazine clippings, exhibition catalogues and other printed material. Correspondents include John Macdonald, Wilfred Watson, Max Maynard, Jock Firestone, Molly Bobak, George Swinton, and Ron Thom.

The subseries contains various prints related to Adams' interest in political and social justice movements. The publications include posters, pamphlets, flyers, newsletters, banners, signs, brochures, and magazine pages. These prints relate to the political landscape in Vancouver in the 1960s and 1970s; Vancouver benefits, fundraisers, and community events; anti-Vietnam War activism; draft resistance and amnesty movements in Canada and the United States, Anti-Nazi publications; women, refugee, and minority rights; the Latin American political landscape; and Marxist-Leninist publications. Also included are some musical band posters, protest signage, and replica drawings and prints.

Subseries contains records on pieces of art that Lansdowne produced. Files 35-01 to 35-06 contain an art inventory card index which provides details of works that were sold, as well as those for specific named projects. The contents of each art inventory file vary, but typically include at least one reproduction of the artwork and an envelope which bears a unique alpha-numeric code and the name of the bird(s) featured in each piece. The year of creation is usually written alongside Lansdowne’s signature within the artwork. Formats include photographs (both black & white and colour), negatives (both black & white and colour), positives (both black & white and colour), slides (colour), paper photocopies and textual records. Files 06-30 to 06-32 and 06-34 to 06-36 also include sketches.

The collection consists of subject files relating to civic elections (1941-1971) and the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. Also included are approximately 100 brochures and pamphlets pertaining to socialism.

Fonds consists of material related to Kogawa's writing projects, her participation in literary, cultural, and human rights conferences and events, her involvement in community organizations, and her personal life. Fonds also includes some material accumulated by Kogawa's parents, the Rev. Gordon Goichi and Lois Kogawa. The fonds is arranged generally into series regarding Kogawa's written works; correspondence; documents related to conferences, speeches, organizations, and interviews; teaching materials; personal and legal records; family documents, other people's works; sound recordings; videocassette recordings; publications; subject files; and photographs.

Fonds consists of records that reflect McKenzie's law and political career. Records include correspondence, speeches and articles, ephemera collected by him, scrapbooks documenting various campaigns and printed materials related to C.C.F. and labour movements.

A small portion of records were created by McKenzie's brother, Arthur McKenzie. These include correspondences and articles written by Arthur in the form of clippings.

Collection contains documents and leaflets relating to communist movements in British Columbia, Canada, and internationally, from the collection of William Bennett, as well as others - Bert Padham, Bill Shaw, Ken Gibson, and Alf Padgham.

The fonds consists of minutes, photographs, printed material, and correspondence relating mainly to union organization in the forest products industry (1931-1952), including the Lumber Workers' Industrial Union, Lumber and Saw Mill Workers Union, International Woodworkers of America, and Woodworkers Industrial Union of Canada, as well as to the activities of Harold Pritchett, whose correspondence up to 1979 is also included. There are, in addition, reports of convention, materials concerning wages and conditions in logging camps, a poster, and subject files on various strikes including those at Fraser Mills and Blubber Bay (1933-1944).

The fonds consists of records pertaining to the NDP and CCF in B.C. Included are notices and agendas, minutes, correspondence, membership lists, financial records, policy, policy committees, maps, photographs, convention proceedings, geographical materials and constituency records. Also included are films and sound recordings.

The fonds consists of records generated and assembled by David Watmough related to his life and career as a novelist, short story writer, playwright, monodramatist and performer, poet, critic, broadcaster, journalist, and teacher. The fonds includes series of records arranged in twenty divisions, with the greatest portion related to writing and literary production: novels, short stories, plays and dramas, monodramas, poetry and songs, nonfiction books, diaries and journals, essays, collections and anthologies, recordings, reading scripts and performance files, radio and television broadcast scripts and project files, film scripts, lectures, addresses, and orations, journal articles, interviews, and reviews of books, exhibitions and theatre performances, as well as correspondence, finance and business files, subject files including published material about Watmough and copies of published material by him, and ephemera and miscellanea. The arrangement of records in files by the creator has been respected where such order exists. The fonds contains textual records, both manuscript and typewritten as well as computer generated, some printed, published material, an occasional sketch or drawing, several sound recordings of Watmough performing, a small number of electronic records, and a number of photoprints and slides kept with the original files where possible. Some monodramas have been retained in the original bindings provided for performance by the creator.

Fonds contains 171 letters from Tom McEwen spanning the decades from 1944 to 1976, and 4 letters from his wife, Rose McEwen; her sister, Anne Belenkaya; and Norman McEwen, Tom and Rose’s son, and his family. Lily Greene remained friends with both Tom and his family for many years, so the letters are mostly of a personal nature but many contain discussions of, or references to, issues important to the Communist Party in Canada and elsewhere, including Tom’s observations of and opinions on events occuring both at home and internationally, like the Vietnam war.

There are 22 photographs of Tom McEwen and various family members, as well as copies of photographs of Lily’s children. A clippings file contains an assortment of newspaper clippings, some columns and opinion pieces written by Tom McEwen, with the majority on issues or events concerning a member of the McEwen family. The clippings cover the period from 1950 through to 2000.

The fonds also contains two essays written by Tom McEwen and an audiocassette of a talk he gave in 1974 to a Grade 11 class taught by his grandson, Harry Ewen. The cassette also contains a recording of a CBC program “This Morning” that aired in 2000 and which incorporated that lecture as part of the program.

The fonds is contained in its entirety in Box #1 (Files 1-33) and Box #2 (Files 1-4).